Document Field Reference

The django_opensearch_dsl.fields are subclasses of opensearch-py's fields. They just add support for retrieving data from Django models.

Available Fields

• Simple Fields

  • BooleanField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • ByteField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • CompletionField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • DateField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • DoubleField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • FileField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • FloatField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • IntegerField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • IpField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • KeywordField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • GeoPointField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • GeoShapeField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • ShortField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • TextField(attr=None, **opensearch_properties)

• Complex Fields

  • ObjectField(properties, attr=None, **opensearch_properties)
  • NestedField(properties, attr=None, **opensearch_properties)

properties is a dict where the key is a field name, and the value is a field instance.

Using attr Argument

The attr argument allows you to retrieve the value from an attribute named differently than the Opensearch's fields. Such an attribute can be :

• An actual attribute.
• A property.
• A method with no positional argument.
• An key (if the instance is a Mapping).

For example, let's say you don't want to store the type of the car as an int, but as the corresponding str instead. You need some way to convert the type field on the model to a string, so we'll just add a method for it:

# models.py

class Car(models.Model):

    # ... #
    def type_to_string(self):
        """Convert the type field to its string representation
        (the boneheaded way).
        """
        if self.type == 1:
            return "Sedan"
        elif self.type == 2:
            return "Truck"
        else:
            return "SUV"

Now we need to tell our Document subclass to use that method instead of just accessing the type field on the model directly. Change the CarDocument to look like this:

# documents.py

@registry.register_document
class CarDocument(Document):
    # add a string field to the Opensearch mapping called type, the
    # value of which is derived from the model's type_to_string attribute
    type = fields.TextField(attr="type_to_string")

    class Django:
        model = Car
        # we removed the type field from here
        fields = [
            'name',
            'color',
            'description',
        ]

Using prepare_[field]

Sometimes, you need to do some extra prepping before a field should be saved to Opensearch. You can add a prepare_[field](self, instance) method to a Document (where foo is the name of the field), and that method will be called when the field needs to be saved.

# documents.py

class CarDocument(Document):
    # ... #

    foo = TextField()

    def prepare_foo(self, instance):
        return " ".join(instance.foos)

Using prepare_[field]_with_related

Allows you to do extra prepping before a field with related models should be saved to Opensearch. This ensures that the index is updated appropriately. You can add a prepare_[field]_with_related(self, instance) method to a Document (where foo is the name of the field), and that method will be called when the field needs to be saved.

# documents.py

class CarDocument(Document):
    # ... #

    class Django:
        fields = ["name", "price"]
        model = Car
        related_models = [Manufacturer]

    foo = TextField()

    def prepare_foo_with_related(self, instance):
        return " ".join(instance.foos)

Handle relationship with NestedField / ObjectField

To represent relationships, you can use NestedField for :

• ManyToManyField
• ManyToManyRel
• ManyToOneRel

and ObjectField for :

• ForeignKey
• OneToOneField
• OneToOneRel

For example for a model with ForeignKey relationships.

# models.py

class Car(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField()
    color = models.CharField()
    manufacturer = models.ForeignKey('Manufacturer')


class Manufacturer(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField()
    country_code = models.CharField(max_length=2)
    created = models.DateField()


class Ad(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField()
    description = models.TextField()
    created = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    modified = models.DateField(auto_now=True)
    url = models.URLField()
    car = models.ForeignKey('Car', related_name='ads')

You can use an ObjectField or a NestedField as such :

# documents.py

@registry.register_document
class CarDocument(Document):
  manufacturer = fields.ObjectField(properties={
    'name': fields.TextField(),
    'country_code': fields.TextField(),
  })
  ads = fields.NestedField(properties={
    'description': fields.TextField(analyzer=html_strip),
    'title': fields.TextField(),
    'pk': fields.IntegerField(),
  })

  class Index:
    name = 'cars'

  class Django:
    model = Car
    fields = [
      'name',
      'color',
    ]

  def get_queryset(self, filters: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, count: int = 0) -> 'QuerySet':
    """Not mandatory but to improve performance we can select related in one sql request"""
    return super().get_queryset(count=count).select_related(
      'manufacturer'
    )

Field Classes

Most Opensearch field types are supported. The attr argument is a dotted "attribute path" which will be looked up on the model using Django template semantics (dict lookup, attribute lookup, list index lookup). By default, the attr argument is set to the field name.

For the rest, the field properties are the same as opensearch-dsl.

So for example you can use a custom analyzer:

# documents.py

html_strip = analyzer(
    'html_strip',
    tokenizer="standard",
    filter=["lowercase", "stop", "snowball"],
    char_filter=["html_strip"]
)


@registry.register_document
class CarDocument(Document):
    description = fields.TextField(
        analyzer=html_strip,
        fields={'raw': fields.KeywordField()}
    )

    class Django:
        model = Car
        fields = [
            'name',
            'color',
        ]